Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Identificación molecular de bacterias cultivadas y no cultivadas asociados a la rizosfera de Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) mill. (Cactaceae) en ecosistemas áridos

Auteur : Luis Alaya, Bernabé Salomón

Université de soutenance : Universidad Nacional de Tumbes

Grade : MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS 2016

Résumé
Nearly half of the world’s mainland are considered arid ecosystems or threatened by drought. Among the plants adapted to these ecosystems highlights the cactus. In order to grow up, cacti have various coping mechanisms, including the association with beneficial microbial communities at the level of their rhizosphere. These microorganisms include plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that contribute to the successful development of the plant in dry conditions. Opuntia ficus-indica is the cactus most currently studied. Identification of bacteria associated with the rhizosphere of O. ficusindica is important in order to understand in part cactus adaptation to extreme climates and could help to develop desert agriculture projects. Identification of bacteria associated to the rhizosphere of O. ficus indica from five areas of Tumbes (Peru) has been based on analysis of metagenomic directed to 16S rDNA gene with MG Rast program for identification of cultivable bacteria using microbiology and molecular techniques and lastly mass spectrometry MALDI TOF MS. Metagenomics results show a wide rhizosphere bacterial diversity with a total of up to 683 species of cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria. Furthermore, it has been possible to isolate 48 bacteria, among which are mainly Pseudomonas, Serratia, Enterobacter and Bacillus. Finally, mass spectrometry MALDI TOF TOF MS allowed to identify Serratia marcenses and Leclercia adescarboxilata by the proteomic profile.

Mots clés  : Bacterium, rhizosphere, Opuntia ficus-indica, arid soils, metagenomics, Proteomics

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