Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Integration of spatial procedures to combat the desertification in Nineveh governorate, Iraq

Irak’ın Nineveh vilayetinde çölleşme ile mücadele için mekansal yöntemlerin entegrasyonu

Auteur : YAHYA Bashar Muneer

Université de soutenance : İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi

Grade : Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2019

Résumé partiel
Desertification has played a significant role in human history, contributing to the collapse of several large empires, such as Carthage, Greece, and the Roman Empire, as well as causing displacement of local populations. Historical evidence shows that the serious and extensive land deterioration occurring several centuries ago in arid regions had three epicentres : the Mediterranean, the Mesopotamian Valley, and the loessial plateau of China, where the population was dense. Climate change, human activities, successive wars and lack of optimal solutions have aggravated desertification in Nineveh governorate northwestern Iraq. Drought expansion and increasing of dust and sandstorm events have had major social, economic and environmental impacts in this area. Much type of data used in this study divided into two groups. First, described as “observed data”, taken from official sources that include all meteorological data (Atmospheric oscillations data not considered or used in this study) and remotely sensed images. Second, named “supplementary data”, includes all estimated data where the Curve Number (SCS-CV) method used to estimate the runoff values, and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method used to find drought levels. This study evaluates many techniques where remote sensing, geographic information systems are used to assess the drought and finding a suitable location for constructing theoretical reservoir seasonal lakes as a solution based on rainwater harvesting techniques. Farther more, Artificial Intelligent used to monitor, assess and predict weather variables and SPI to find solutions to reduce the risk of desertification. The applications of remote sensing and geographic information system techniques explored depending on different types of remote sensing data to monitor drought impacts and drought expansion in the study area. Image enhancement, supervised classification and NDVI analysis used at the research stage. The results show massive changes in vegetation cover indicating increased drought levels in the study area. In addition, dust and sandstorm events are classified and their paths analyzed and effective dust and sand grain sources tracked. Different maps and figures types created at this stage of the research. Dust and sandstorms effective feeding-regions map show four feeding-sources areas were detected. The movement paths of the last dust and sand storm occurred on 24 March 2017.

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