Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : AGROCLIMATIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DROUGHT ASSESSMENT FOR EFFICIENT CROP PLANNING IN SELECTED DISTRICTS OF SUB ZONE IV OF JHARKHAND

Auteur : Balmuchu, Sunny Ashish

Université de soutenance : Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi

Grade : Master of Science in Agriculture 2017

Résumé partiel
Agricultural production worldwide is subject to various risks of which climatic risks tend to be dominant, especially under rainfed conditions. Rainfed agriculture occupies a prominent place in Indian economy and rural livelihoods. At present, about 60% of total net sown area is rainfed, contributing 40% of the total food production. It supports 40% of human and 60% of livestock population. Agriculture in rainfed areas continues to be a gamble and rainfed farmers face several uncertainties like aberrant weather, lack of timely inputs and credit leading to low and unstable productivity and profitability. The crop production in rainfed region has inherent risks because rain is undependable in time and amount. In order to minimize these risks, an attempt to study the agroclimate of two districts viz. Ranchi and Dumka, representing Central and Northeastern Plateau zone of Jharkhand state was undertaken. Of all the climatic factors, rainfall is of greatest concern to population in rainfed agriculture. The variation of monsoonal and annual rainfall in space and time are well known and this inter-annual variability of monsoonal rainfall has considerable impact on agricultural production, water management and energy generation Analysis of annual, seasonal and monthly rainfall of a region is useful to design water harvesting structure. Similarly weekly rainfall analysis give more useful information in crop planning .The cropping patterns are basically dependent on Moisture Availability Index (MAI). The most dependable season for rainfed crop planning in this region is the kharif (SW monsoon) season with 24% and 35% CV for Ranchi and Dumka respectively. Ranchi is more prone to drought in comparison to Dumka. Agricultural droughts are more common in 23 – 26 SMW and 37 – 40 SMW at Ranchi but in Dumka it is less frequent and occurs generally between 37 – 40 SMW. The length of growing season at Ranchi has been observed as 154, 182, 203 and 203 days for Upland, Don III, Don II and Don I, whereas at Dumka it was 168, 196, 210 and 231 days, respectively. Crops of more than 200 days duration can be grow in lowlands of Dumka. The PET at Ranchi and Dumka is 1354 mm and 1269 mm, respectively, therefore crop water requirement for upland and lowland rice and maize is more at Ranchi in comparison to Dumka.

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