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sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Climate-induced migration as adaptation in Mongolia : insights from drought- and dzud-affected rural-urban migrants in Ulaanbaatar

기후변화가 야기한 적응으로서의 이주 : 몽골 울란바타르의 가뭄과 한파에 따른 도농 이주를 중심으로

Auteur : Bilegsaikhan Sumiya

Université de soutenance : Seoul National University

Grade : Master 2015

Résumé
This study analyses the multiple ways in which weather events have affected decisions of rural herding households to migrate into urban centers and impacts such migrations had on the livelihoods of climate-affected households in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Through mapping migration movements in relation to drought stresses, this research illustrates the visible associations between droughts and out-migration in Western regions of the country. By qualitatively inquiring migration experiences of urban migrants in Ulaanbaatar, the research gives deeper insights into complex interactions between climate change and human mobility. The research finds that in Mongolia, droughts and dzud (extreme winter disasters) affect decision to migrate to urban centers directly ? by causing loss of livelihood, loss of ecosystem services and indirectly ? by amplifying already existing social, political and demographic motivations. But at the same time, droughts and dzud may affect the climate-affected households ability to migrate by compromising financial resources needed to migrate successfully to urban centers. Among households severely affected by droughts and dzud, migration to urban centers appears to be an adaptive strategy to improve their livelihoods. An important part of adaptation - integration into urban life appears to be eased by social networks and access to information but hindered by a lack of viable jobs, food security issues and difficulties in gaining basic social services. This study concludes that while weather events and related environmental changes have substantial effects on rural-urban migration decisions of herders in Mongolia, existing social and economic circumstances appear to be a prerequisite for sensitivity of the rural community to climate change impacts. Based on the exploratory findings, this research recommends further investigation of the phenomenon to better coordinate urban planning and rural development policies with climate change adaptation measures in Mongolia.

Mots clés : Mongolia ; climate change adaptation ; drought ; dzud ; rural-urban migration

Présentation

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