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Titre : Spatio–temporal Distribution, larval Habitats and Identification of Aedes Mosquitoes (Diptera:Culicidae) in Ghindae town, Northern Red Sea Zone, Eritrea

Auteur : Tedros Gebreluul Habtetsion Okbatedros

Université de soutenance : University of Gezira

Grade : Master of Science (MS) in Medical Entomology and Vector Control 2021

Résumé
Aedes Mosquito the vector for many arboviral diseases, breeds preferentially in various man-made and natural container habitats. Vector control remains the best practices for preventing dengue outbreaks. Effective vector control intervention depends on a good understanding of larval and adult vector ecology. This study aimed to identify the species, productivity profile, spatio–temporal distribution, and larval habitats of Aedes mosquitoes in Ghindae town, NRS Zone, Eritrea. Across-sectional study was followed to Identify the species presented, and establish container productivity profiles of Aedes mosquitoes, a total of 594 households (HH) in three villages of Ghindae (Bonespiro, Debalko and Forovia) were surveyed four times per month for immature mosquito infestation for a period of six months (January to June 2021). All water-holding containers in and around the households were inspected for Aedes larvae and pupae. Collections were made from a total of 3,309 water holding containers : Bonespiro (1271), Debalko (1055) and Forovia (983). A total of 10,137 Aedes larvae and 2,042 pupae were collected from nine container types. Out of this 5 % (505) of the larvae were mounted and 5 % (102) of the pupae were reared to adult stage and morphologically identified. The only species of Aedes mosquito found in this area was Aedes aegypti. The most important habitat types were plastic drums (63.5%), discarded automobile tires (11.3%), flower vases (10.9%) and jerrycans (5.2%), which produced over 90% of all the larvae and pupa. The larval Indices, House Index, Container Index and Breateau Index, were 27.1, 6.9 and 38.7, as well as pupal demography : pupae per container, pupae per house and pupae per person, were 0.61, 3.4 and 0.63 respectively. In all the three clusters, significantly more positive containers were located outdoors (84.8%) than indoors (15.2%), and that only a few container types produced the majority of the larvae and pupae. Moreover, rain water holding containers (79.1%) were found to be more productive to tap water holding containers (20.9%). The most preferred breeding habitats for Aedes mosquitoes were plastic drums, followed by discarded automobile tires. Therefore, targeting source reduction efforts towards these productive containers both indoors and outdoors is likely to be a cost-effective way to reduce arboviral transmission in the town.

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