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sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Economics of Protected Agriculture as an Adaptation Option for Climate Change and its Impact in Improving Tomato and Cucumber Production in Khartoum State- Sudan

Auteur : Amani Omer Bakhiet

Université de soutenance : University of Khartoum

Grade : Doctor of Philosophy in Development 2020

Résumé
The objectives of this research were to conduct an economic study on protected agriculture as an adaptation option to reduce the negative impact of climate change on developing tomato and cucumber production in Khartoum State, to identify the partial farm budget of the greenhouse and the open field. The research was carried out in Khartoum State, Sudan during 2016/2017-2017/2018. Primary data was collected from greenhouses farms as well as key informant interviews. A structural questionnaire was designed including 6 pivots with variables. Based on the survey in 141 greenhouses at seven localities in Khartoum State, the data were analyzed using percentage and Chi-square. The adaptations added to greenhouses to ease the impact of climate change were identified. Production economics and the farm budget of greenhouses and open field, benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and break-even point (BEP) were calculated. The results showed that 61.7% of greenhouses farmers were university graduates. The trained farmers in cultivation practices were 94.3%. Female farmers were 20.6% and males were 79.4%. The study showed that there was a significant relation between greenhouses structure and tomato and cucumber production (Chi- square= 18.96, 33.36) respectively. Regarding the East-West direction of greenhouses, the study revealed that there was a strong relationship between the geographical direction and tomato/cucumber production, Chi-square= 18.96, 40.65, respectively. There was a significant relationship between skeleton design and tomato production chi-square=23.96 and chi-square=35.06 for cucumber. A significant relationship between soil types and tomato/cucumber production, chi-square=18.6, 64.3, respectively. Tomato’s greenhouses irrigated from groundwater showed high production than that irrigated from the Nile River chi-square= 3.47, while cucumber irrigated from the Nile River produced much than that irrigated from groundwater chi-square=12.55. To adapt and negate the negative impact of climate change on greenhouses cultivation the farmers planted windbreaks around the farm, spread mud/limestone over the greenhouse’s roof, changed the greenhouse’s geographical direction and, minimized the greenhouse area. The BCR of tomato crop production in the season was about 6.87 indicating the high profitability and the BEP was about 1 ton/Feddan indicating that the yield of tomato in the season covered its actual cost of production. The BCR of cucumber crop production in the season was about 2.00 indicating high profitability of cucumber production and the BEP of production was 3.53 tons/Feddan ; this indicated that the yield of cucumber covered its actual costs of production. The research concluded that climate change has an influence on greenhouses cultivation in terms of structure, cultivation process, and direction. The research recommended the planting of windbreaks around the farm, the East-West direction of greenhouses and, to follow cultivation and fertilizing programmes. It also recommended the training of farmers on cultivation practices, crop protection and technical know-how.

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