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Titre : Assessment of Gum Arabic Producers’ Associations (GAPAs) Performance Measurements in Enhancing the Production and Marketing of Gum Arabic, Sudan

Auteur : Asma Elyas Mohammed Elzubair

Université de soutenance : University of Khartoum

Grade : Doctor of Philosophy in Forestry 2021

Résumé partiel
The study aims to assess the performance of Gum Arabic Producers’ Associations (GAPAs) in enhancing the production and marketing of gum Arabic. In this regard, an integrated theoretical framework was developed and adapted as reference for the study to cover financial and non-financial measures, in addition to measures of risk that influence the performance. The performance indicators were selected based on particular criteria. To address the research objectives, the research was based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches over years 2014 and 2015 in three localities in North and West Kordofan States to collect the necessary information. Secondary data was drawn from a variety of sources such as ; FNC documents, NGOs reports and scientific papers. The primary data was obtained using mix research techniques including social survey of 338 household heads, executive committees’ interviews of 42 case studies of GAPAs’ committees. The data were supplemented by focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations to elicit information from different stakeholders. The methods of data analysis include mathematical equations for the financial measures, descriptive statistics, regression analysis, correlation and cluster analysis. The results of the analysis indicated that despite the fact that gum Arabic contributes to the economics of the households, it is most considered as a source for hard currency of the country. The socio-economic analysis revealed there were variations between the respondents in the three localities in relation to the sources of income, the amount of income from different sources, land holdings (where the range between 0.75 to 450 ha in Alkhowi and 3.75 to 120 ha in Umrawaba) and the education level, while other features showed there were no variations. The descriptive analysis of the relevance of GAPAs showed that the numbers of the respondents in the three localities exceeded the prerequisites for establishing GAPAs (more than 50 members), but gum producers suffered from lack of awareness of roles and responsibilities towards GAPAs, the misunderstanding of collective action and cooperatives concepts. The result revealed that in the three localities, the formulation of GAPAs and the organizational structure followed the same procedures. The mathematical and the descriptive analysis of the performance measures (the financial and the non-financial) showed the majority of the respondents (78.7%) except that who received external support were not satisfied with their GAPAs as the financial status and the working capital are below their ambitions, and 65.3% of the respondents indicated that their GAPAs were unsuccessful to achieve their objectives. Furthermore, the result observed that no attention was paid to assess the performance of GAPAs since the establishment date. Measures of risk that influence the performance of GAPAs were identified and categorized into four groups namely ; structural, individual, economic and external factors.

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