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sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Pedestrian level wind environment investigations in residential complexes in Iraq.

Auteur : Abdulmuttaleb, Khan Ali Hussein

Université de soutenance : Universiti Putra

Grade : Master of Science (MS) 2021

Résumé partiel
In urban areas, outdoor thermal comfort influences the performance of people and their work. Wind flow is affected by several parameters, such as the arrangement of buildings and the architecture of buildings with regard to shapes, height of buildings, and aspect ratio of street-canyon width. Modern design techniques will lead to the enhancement of many architectural buildings’ thermal performance which may have an impact on Iraq Government’s criteria. While policies and design standards deal with key planning and there are no obvious guidelines in designing buildings that have effective energy performance. Moreover, the contemporary urban design pays no attention to the environmental solution in residential buildings which will lead to the production of a rather large calm zone of wind speed and the potential to increase the risk of pollutant exposure in many areas of outdoor places. Hence, the study aimed to determine the extent of the impacts of wind flow around the outdoor residential buildings at the pedestrian-level wind (PLW) in Iraq and to what extent can they be invested in finding healthy and comfortable living conditions , as well as, focusing to uncover the current practices in outdoor conditions for existing residential buildings in terms of (arrangement, shape, height of the building, and street -canyon width) as well as, the patterns of wind flow behavior among occupants of different models. Consequently, a quantitative field study was conducted to evaluate the wind effects on outdoor spaces in Iraq residential buildings in a hot-dry climate to achieve a comfortable pedestrian thermal level. The field measurement had measured seven points using Digital Anemometer in Al-Salam residential building as a case study in Najaf city in summer (July). Computer simulation (Autodesk CFD) was used to simulate the existing complex building modeling with three wind velocities (1.2, 2.1, and 3.2 m/s) in the winter and summer conditions respectively, based on the meteorological data of Najaf to compare with the simulation results during the summer season obtained from the field measurements under similar conditions and same measured points so that the accuracy of the results could be acquired. In addition, the study investigated the possibility of wind flow on 28 simulation models in Iraq residential buildings based on different parameters such the buildings’ arrangement, shape, height, and aspect ratio of street canyon by using Autodesk CFD simulation with high accuracy mesh and κ-ε turbulence model. The results of Autodesk CFD simulation and field measurements of the existing complex building of Al Salam Residential Complex showed approximately similar data and slight differences in the accurate value with the error percentage of 4.942 %. The modified models with plants are also capable of improving wind flow in Iraq residential buildings through the use of trees with L-shaped arrangement and of different heights. Furthermore, it was observed from the simulation results of the 6 simulation models that the average wind speed in the staggered arrangement at 45° rotation angle is the best distribution which provides the most appropriate average wind speed.

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