Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : REHABILITATION OF DEGRADED SOIL BY WATER EROSION FOR SOME WADIS IN NORTHWESTERN COAST - EGYPT USING SOME PLANTS

Auteur : El-Sherbeny, Galal Mohamed Abd El-Hamed.

Etablissement de soutenance : Ain Shams University

Grade : Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Sciences (2022)

Résumé partiel
Desert development is the key role of enhancing agricultural production in Egypt. The northwestern coast is one of the most attractive desert regions for sustainable agrarian development due to its abundant qualifications which have not sufficiently used yet. Hazards of soil erosion by rainfall are serious problems in the Northern West Coast of Egypt (NWCZ) and lead to reducing the soil quality and increasing the degradation of soil resources. Because damages to soil quality are nearly always permanent, preservation of this resource is critically important to maintaining agricultural productivity and environmental quality. The soils of Northwestern coast which characterized by agro-pastoral soil with a low plant cover density and an almost entirely absent herbaceous cover are heavily degraded by water erosion. Consequently, rehabitat these soils for productivity are very important. One of the main issues for the sustainable development is to increase the efficiency of runoff water use for human and animal consumption and cultivation, and to minimize soil erosion. The adoption of erosion control techniques is very important. Therefore, this study is aimed for evaluating plantation of vetiver system as a new plant along the slopes under rainfed agriculture and its effect on soil surface protection against water erosion hazards, relative to traditional technique. Increase the areas cultivated by new plant (vetiver plant) as a fodder crop for animal consumption and its ability to bear adverse effects of soil moisture stress during critical period of dry season. Compare between different techniques for controlling soil erosion hazards.
The current study includes field experiment for a one-year during winter season of 2019/2020 to study rehabilitation of degraded soil by water erosion resulting from rainfall using some plants in sloping soil at Wadi El-Raml, Northwestern Coast zone of Egypt. The slope of soil surface is 7% in south north direction. A plot of soil with an area of approximately 1600 m2 was prepared for achieving the field experiment. The field experiment was divided into experimental plots with dimensions (2m x 24m). Each plot was surrounded by a wall of soil with a height of approximately 25 cm, and each plot was separated from the other by a distance of approximately 30 cm to determine the soil loss resulting from surface runoff. At the end of each experimental plot, Gerlach trough (i.e. A box of galvanized sheet with dimensions of 50 cm in length, 20 cm in width and 10 cm in height with a movable cover) is placed under the soil surface and connected with an outlet pipe that connected with a plastic jerry to collect the surface runoff and eroded soil particles to determine it after each rainstorm. The total annual precipitation during the study period for the winter season 2019 / 2020 was 168.5mm. The data show that eight rainy days during winter season of 2019 / 2020 is evident at Wadi El-Raml, Northwestern Coast zone of Egypt. The rainiest months are December, January, February and March. Six storms are effective during the study period as they caused runoff and consequently soil loss. The total depth of precipitation for the six storms was 153.3 mm and represented about 80% of the total precipitation that fell in the winter season 2020/20/2019.

Présentation étendue (EULC)