Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Influência do regime de poda na fisiologia e produção da oliveira

Auteur : Lopes, Carlos Henrique dos Santos

Université de soutenance : Universidade de Tras os Montes E Alto Douro

Grade : Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica 2022

Résumé partiel
The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is a species well-adapted to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Mediterranean region. However, the climatic changes that are felt throughout the region are a threat to the crop yield, especially under rainfed conditions, particularly due to less rainfall and the greater frequency and duration of drought periods. Thus, it is necessary to adopt adaptation strategies in order to guarantee the sustainability of traditional olive orchards. At the same time, pruning persists as a technique poorly understood in olive groves, with profound effects on the physiology and productivity of trees. Pruning should be seen as a practice that helps to control the leaf area and the functional activities of plants, so it is imperative to be considered a relevant operation for increasing productivity and maintaining regular production in adverse environmental conditions. In this work, four pruning regimes were studied in an adult olive rainfed orchard (cv. Cobrançosa) located in São Pedro Vale do Conde, Mirandela, in Trás-os-Montes region. “No Pruning”, “3 Cuts Pruning”, “Detail Pruning” and “Severe Pruning” treatments were applied. After pruning, the removed pruning wood was weighed to allow calculation of mineral nutrient losses. Water and mineral status, photosynthesis, crop yield, olives characteristics and olive oil quality were also assessed. It was found that the plants submitted to "Severe Pruning" regime, despite having good photosynthetic capacity per unit of leaf area, due to lower vegetative expansion that provides more water resources per unit of leaf area and more nutritional resources by concentration effect, end up suffering a great loss of nutrients through pruning wood. However, the smaller leaf area had negative effects on crop yield accumulated over the years, so it should be a practice to avoid. In turn, the “No Pruning” regime, contrary to the majority opinion, was, at the time the study took place (3 years), the treatment with the highest production, in closely association with the largest leaf area.

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