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Titre : Regionale Niederschlagsänderungen in Namibia bei anthropogen verstärktem Treibhauseffekt : Abschätzungen mit statistischem

Regional rainfall changes in Namibia under conditions of man-made enhanced greenhouse warming

Auteur : Beyer, Ulrike

Université de soutenance : Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg

Grade : Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades 2001

Résumé
This thesis presents results of regional rainfall assessments in Namibia, under conditions of man-made enhanced greenhouse warming. The results are obtained by statistical downscaling procedures. Relations between large-scale atmospheric circulation and Namibian summer rainfall are established by statistical transfer functions. For this purpose, principle components of geopotential heights of different atmospheric levels (300, 500, 1000hPa) and monthly rainfall data of 84 Namibian stations are linked by stepwise multiple regression analyses for every station, or alternatively for gridded rainfall data. The analyses were done on a monthly basis (November – March) during a 30-year calibration period. After verifying these statistical relations in an independent period, stations, or grids, with regression models of sufficient quality (significant correlation r>0.4 between observed and modeled data) are selected and used to assess local rainfall for greenhouse gas-scenarios from simulated ECHAM3-T42 and ECHAM4tr-T42 geopotential height data. As additional method to connect large scale circulation features with local station rainfall data, canonical correlation analyses are applied. Independent of the procedure, results for climate conditions of threefold respectively transient increase in CO2-concentrations, compared to a reference period (1961-90), show an increase of rainfall in northern and eastern parts of Namibia for December to February. Slight decreases in southern and southwestern regions from November to January are seen. Assessments for March indicate a distinct decrease over the whole country. These findings point to an intensified, more accentuated rainy season, however, the amount of rainfall remains more or less the same under conditions of enhanced greenhouse warming. Therefore it is of special importance to assess rainfall changes on a monthly basis. Further investigations consist of the separation of thermal and dynamical effects in ECHAM3 and ECHAM4 circulation data. Global warming produces a thermal uplifting of the geopotential heights used in climate change scenarios. By correction of this uplifting process, dynamical induced effects of rainfall events are captured. The use of uplifting corrected geopotential heights as predictors in the downscaling procedure in general leads to smaller changes of rainfall in the assessment results, both in positive and negative range. There is no doubt that the climate system reacts to man-made enhanced greenhouse warming. With regard to future Namibian summer rainfall, it is important to differentiate the effects of greenhouse warming on a regional and temporal scale

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