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sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Stadtquartiersform und Mobilitätsverhalten : eine Untersuchung am Beispiel von Maschhad/Iran

Auteur : Mozhdehi, Nasrollah

Université de soutenance : Universität Duisburg-Essen

Grade : Doktor Ingenieur (Dr.-Ing.) 2015

Résumé
Excessive consumption of fossil fuels and consequently air pollution in cities have resulted in social and economic problems. This dire situation is strengthened by an excessive use of private cars which has led to a comprehensive movement which is known as “New Urbanism”. New Urbanism includes some solutions such as compact forms of urban neighborhoods, mixed use and more attention to pedestrians in urban design. The aim of this thesis is to clarify how different forms of urban neighborhoods can affect the travel behavior of families living in a certain neighborhood. Nowadays, it is well accepted that factors such as social and economic conditions of families, characteristics of travel modes as well as the form of urban neighborhoods can influence the travel behavior of families. However, there is not a broad agreement about the importance and the magnitude of these influencing parameters. Some studies revealed the social and economic conditions as the dominant factor affecting the mobility behavior, whereas other showed the form of urban neighborhoods as the main factor. These disagreements form the main motivation of the current study to analyze and identify the importance and the magnitude of each aforementioned influencing factors in Iran as a developing country. Qualitative-quantitative analysis was used to enable a better understanding about each of influencing factors. For this purpose, the relation between each influencing factor on travel behavior within seven neighborhoods of Mashhad city was analysed by means of multiple logistic regression -method. The travel purposes were divided into three categories including working, shopping and other travel. Results show that the form of neighborhoods has a significant influence on the travel behavior of the residents. Population density, variety of land uses and the presence of a center in a neighborhood are the main factors affecting travel behavior of people. Furthermore, the obtained results of this study confirm that some of the social and economic factors, e.g. car owning and gender of residents have a remarkable influence on the use of private cars in daily travels.

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