Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Uso de aguajes artificiales por el venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus texanus Zimmermann) y fauna silvestre asociada en la uma-rancho San Juan, Coahuila, México

Auteur : OVALLE RIVERA, NORMA ALEJANDRA

Etablissement de soutenance : Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS) Campus San Luis Potosí

Grade : Maestría en Ciencias, especialista en Innovación en el Manejo de Recursos Naturales 2019

Résumé
Water is one of the most important resources for the development of wildlife populations, but in arid and semi-arid areas, this is limited. The construction of artificial water began in the USA, in order to provide water to game species. Currently, it is known that artificial water benefit species without distinction ; however, the relationship between this use and factors such as climatic conditions, water quality and characteristics of the artificial waters or places where they are placed has been little investigated. This thesis consists of two chapters, the first chapter had as an objective identify the species that make use of them and compare this use with climatic conditions, and in the second chapter relate the use of artificial water by wildlife with dimensions, physical and chemical variables of water and characteristics of its surrounding vegetation. During 2017-2018, the use of twenty artificial water was monitored with camera-trapping and with automated sensors, the temperature and relative humidity were recorded. Likewise, the physical dimensions of each artificial water were recorded, the surrounding vegetation was evaluated and water samples were taken for a quality analysis. In the first chapter, to compare the number of species observed with that expected, Jacknife and ꭕ2 tests were performed. Likewise, to identify differences by season and artificial water on species richness and diversity, the Kruskal-Wallis test (p <0.05) was used. In the second chapter, to know which of the variables studied were most associated with the frequency of visits, a Poisson regression coefficient test was performed in the R-Studio software, and to visualize this association a multiple correspondence analysis was used in the Xlstat software. Forty species of birds and fourteen of mammals were identified, using the artificial water. The Cervidae family had the highest percentage of visits (32.8%). Spring was the season with the highest visits, although there were no differences by season (p = 0.3916). The Jacknife 1 estimator indicated that only 72% (n = 54) of the potential species were identified and with Kruskall-Wallis differences were identified by artificial water for species richness (p = 0.0059). Fifty-seven variables were evaluated, and twelve of these were significantly associated with the frequency of visits. The variables that determined, to a greater extent, the high frequency of visits (2400-3400) were the width of the water board from 1 to 10 cm, the presence of at least 10 individuals of Vaquellia farnesiana and Agave lechuguilla and the low levels of the permissible limits of Arsenic and Cadmium. This information will serve as a reference for wildlife managers

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