Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : A hydrogeological, hydrochemical and environmental study in Wadi Al Arroub drainage basin, south west Bank, Palestine

Auteur : Qannam Ziad

Université de soutenance  : Technischen Universität Bergakademie Freiberg

Grade : Doktor der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) 2002

Résumé
This thesis contains the results of hydrological, hydrogeological, geomorphological and hydrochemical studies conducted between 1998-2002 on Wadi Al Arroub drainage basin / Palestine. The study catchment with an area of 61 km2 is a sub-basin of the Dead Sea-Jordan River Basin and part of the Eastern Basin of the Mountain Aquifer. This work aims to compensate for the lack of information about this drainage catchment as well as to identify the different pollutants, their possible sources and impact on the water resources, to study the changes in the chemistry of the recharge water during the infiltration through the vadose zone, and to pinpoint on possible measures to improve the situation. The main structure of this study includes ; interviews to obtain information on the water related issues, fieldwork to confirm the results of the interviews and to identify and mapping the existing water resources. A digital elevation model was compiled to confirm the manually drawn water divide, incorporating the drainage system and to determine the coordinates and elevations of the wells and springs as a replacement of the GPS, which was not available for the researcher mainly because of political constrains. A landuse map was produced to show the main activities in the area and to be used in computing the runoff and recharge using the Soil Conservation Method (SCS) method. The DTM, landuse, geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological maps were compiled with the help of the GIS software package TNTmips. Geological cross sections were also plotted. The geology of the area is composed of sedimentary carbonate rocks of Albian to Holocene age. The deep wells tap the Albian and Turonian-Cenomanian regional aquifers, while the springs and dug wells discharge perched aquifers of Quaternary age. The geomorphological study shows that the topography has more effect on the drainage pattern than the structure. The main effect of topography is in the W-E direction, while that of structure is mainly in the NNW-SSE direction and to some extent in the N-S direction. The relatively high relief ratio of Wadi Al Arroub drainage basin and the high elongation ratio (0.78) indicate that the study area is among the sub-basins that contributes strongly to the flooding in the Dead Sea-Jordan River Basin. The hydrological study, which aimed mainly to estimate unavailable data such as runoff and recharge, shows that the annual precipitation over the area is 38.14 Mill.m3. Based on daily data the average pan coefficient, potential evapotranspiration, runoff and actual evapotranspiration were calculated to be 0.72, 1108 mm/yr, 6.44 Mill. m3/yr and 8.87 Mill. m3/yr respectively. The empirical formulas of Wundt and Turc for the estimation of the actual evapotranspiration are not suitable for implementation in the study area. The aridity indices of De Martonne, UNESCO and Thornthwaite classify Wadi Al Arroub drainage basin as humid. The hydrochemical study which involved collection and analysis of water samples from the deep and dug wells, springs, tap water, rain water and waste water showed that the rain water is the only source of ground water recharge. Mixing with the waste water leaking from the poorly designed cesspits and the waste water conduit and/or the infiltration of the leachates from washing the piles of animals dung by the rainfall in winter are the main factors responsible for the modifications in the water types and quality recorded in the area

Mots clés : Unterirdische Gewässer Hydrologie, Asien ; Physikal./chemische/biologische Eigenschaften Hydrologie, Unterirdische Gewässer ; Grundwassergüte Hydrologie, Unterirdische Gewässer ; Grundwasserverunreinigung / Grundwasserschutz Hydrologie, Unterirdische Gewässer ; Israel, Palästina Geologie ; Geochemie des Grundwassers, Porenwassers

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