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Master
Pays Bas
2009
Linking smallholders to bio-energy markets : comparing different governance structures and assessing the role of producer organizations
Titre : Linking smallholders to bio-energy markets : comparing different governance structures and assessing the role of producer organizations
Auteur : Baren, S. van
Université de soutenance : Wageningen University
Grade : Master of Science (MS) 2009
Résumé
Mozambique is characterized by an abundance of arable land. This in combination with a
good climate makes Mozambique very suitable for the production of biofuel crops. The world
wide demand for fuel is expected to increase in the future. Besides fulfilling the domestic and
foreign demand for fuel the production of biofuel can generate income for small producers.
This research focused on the successful participation of small producers in production of
Jatropha for bio diesel.
Small producers face problems with participation in supply chains due to high transaction
costs. Generally there are five dimensions of transactions : asset specificity, uncertainty and
complexity, frequency, difficulties in measurement, and connectedness of transactions.
Governance forms are an answer to these causes of transaction costs. Governance
structures are forms of organization which can vary between two extremes : on the one hand
spot markets and on the other hand vertically integrated firms. When the transaction costs
are relatively low, spot markets are in favor and when the transaction costs increase more
(vertical) coordinated forms of governance structures as hybrids and vertical integration are
preferable.
For small producers in Mozambique transaction costs depend on product and transaction
characteristics and constraints in the institutional environment. A contractual arrangements
like contract farming is an institutional response to imperfections in markets for credit,
insurance, information, factors of production, and raw product ; and in transaction costs
associated with search, screening, transfer of goods, bargaining and enforcement. In
contract farming five different models can be distinguished : the centralized model, the
nucleus estate model, the multipartite model, the informal model and the intermediary model.
These models differ in the type of contractor, the type of product, the intensity of vertical
coordination between farmer and contractor, and the number of key stakeholders involved.
Within these models two different types of contracts can be discerned : marketing contracts
and production management contracts. These contracts differ in their main objectives,
transfer of decision rights, and transfer of risk.
In this research the Jatropha supply chain is analyzed on contractual arrangements,
transaction characteristics, product characteristics and the institutional environment. The
analysis has resulted in a number of challenges for Jatropha for a successful participation of
small producers in the supply chain. The different governance structures are assessed on how they deal with these challenges of Jatropha. The assessment is presented in Table 1
were the five contract farming models are on the horizontal axis and the challenges of
Jatropha on the vertical axis.
Mots clés : bioenergy / contract farming / peasant farming / small farms / agricultural production / crops / agribusiness / mozambique / biofuels / governance / supply chain management
Page publiée le 8 février 2015, mise à jour le 12 octobre 2018