Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Gênero e água – desenhos do norte, alternativas do sul : análise da experiência do semi-árido brasileiro na construção do desenvolvimento democrático

Auteur : Soares, Daniela Nogueira

Université de soutenance : Universidade de Brasília

Grade : Doutorado em Sociologia (2009)

Résumé
This thesis is the result of a reflection concerning mainstreaming gender in the formulation and implementation of water policies and has as objective to analyze the impact of such policies in women life of Brazilian Semi-Arid region. Problems related to the quality and amount of the water come affecting the most different sectors of society. Front to the complexity of the related challenges of such questions, the necessity of a deep transformation in the adopted approaches so that they contemplate the inherent specificities to the nature of a public policy that has as objective the water access democratization. Mainstream gender in the national water management goes in this direction once it values the participation of woman strengthening the social condition of who, for cultural tradition and individual subjectivity, is placed in a more strategic way to ensure future generations. Considering the factors above and having as fund cloth the question of development, three axles were chosen for this discussion : democracy, gender and water. All these are marked for its transversality, however, what characterizes this investigation is the form as these axles become related. Therefore, it’s about the analysis of the drawing of these axles and how they appear related in public policies formulation and implementation whose main aim is the access to drinking waters as necessary condition for development. To serve as a frame for this reflection a water policy that has in its design the gender perspective with the aim to a more sustainable development was selected, the “Program One Million Rainwater Harvesting System” (P1MC), whose area includes Brazilian Semi-Arid, traditionally marked region for water lack, its hard conditions life and poverty, being water scarcity frequently pointed as cause of the underdevelopment of the region. The dryness that marks the life in the region influences the occupation pattern of the territory in its dispersion, the identifiable traces in the daily life, the organization of the family and the power. This configuration increases the isolation and the consequent invisibility of women in view of whom its lives are basically restricted to domestic work reproduction. In these regions gender inequality assumes clear traces once the weighed daily load for the water attainment is in the habit of to fall on women and girls, what it implies directly in a bigger asymmetry in the sexual division of the domestic work affecting well-being and enabling them to attend school. Water access by means of the tank by the door of their houses brings concrete benefits such as health, money and time for the contemplated families and mainly for the women, once these they have their domestic work reduced. Therefore, the water issue for these populations is inserted in a wide discussion that articulates power relations ; sexual division of labour ; social organization and development.

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