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Titre : Efecto de la aplicación de vermicomposta en la mitigación del estrés hídrico en plantas tipo C3 y C4

EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST APPLICATION ON WATER STRESS MITIGATION IN C3 AND C4 PLANTS

Auteur : Aguilar Benítez, Gisela

Etablissement de soutenance : Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS) Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)

Grade : Doctorado en Ciencias, especialista en Botánica 2011

Résumé
There has been demonstrated that vermicompost can improve germination, growth and productivity of plants ; nevertheless, its effect combined with water stress has been poorly documented. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of vermicompost on seed germination, early growth, and yield in C3 and C4 plants, with soil water deficit. The germination of two bean and two maize cultivars, with contrasting responses to drought were evaluated in unamended soil or amended soil with 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 % of vermicompost, and water potentials (ΨW) of -0.03 and -2 MPa. Bean and maize plants were grown in pots with 0, 1.5 and 3 % vermicompost-soil combinations in well-watered or deficit irrigated conditions. Gas exchange, early growth, and some bean yield components were determined. Bean and maize species had maximum cumulative germination up to 90 %. Maximum germination time (MGT) was longer (p≤0.05) with ΨW of -2.0 MPa in 6 and 9 % of vermicompost. The maximum imbibition was 40 % in maize, and 90 % in bean, and it diminished (p≤0.05) with the proportion of vermicompost in the soil. The drought tolerant cultivars absorbed less water (p≤0.05) than the drought susceptible ones in both ΨW. Gas exchange and stomatal conductance of both species were affected equally by water deficit, even when they were evaluated on different phenological stages ; 1.5 and 3 % of vermicompost diminished (p≤0.05) both variables. Pods produced and harvested, and seeds number and seeds weight were increased (p≤0.05) between 17 and 50 % with 3 % of vermicompost. The interactions between the evaluated factors showed the complexity of response to their combination. Our results suggest that application of vermicompost increased the soil water retention and mitigated the effect of water deficit on yield of plants growing under irrigation interruption in reproductive stage. On the other hand a partially alleviates of the effect of water deficit in germination and early growth of maize and bean was detected.Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias, especialista en Botánica).- Colegio de Postgraduados, 2011.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)..

Mots clés : Estrés ; Floración ; Semilla ; Germinación ; Uso eficiente del agua ; Stress ; Flowering ; Seeds ; Germination ; Water use efficiency ; Botánica

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