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Titre : Límites máximos de residuos e intervalos de seguridad de plaguicidas en tuna, Opuntia ficus-indica

Auteur : Aldama Aguilera, Cristóbal

Université de soutenance : Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS) Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)

Grade : Doctorado en Ciencias, especialista en Entomología y Acarología 2008

Résumé
Given that there are not registered pesticides available for phytosanitary control of pest affecting the production of prickly pear cactus fruit, Opuntia ficus-indica (L) Miller 1768, maximum residue limits (MRLs) of seven pesticides were proposed in this fruit. In the chronic dietary risk assessment, the levels of exposure were estimated through the theoretical maximum daily intakes (TMDIs) and estimated daily intake (EDIs) methods. In 2006, the insecticides malathion, chlorpirifos, permethrin, diazinon and dimethoate were applied two times at maximum labeled doses. From the second application, the samplings were carried out at 0, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA) and the residue determination were made by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In 2007, the pesticides spinosad y abamectin were applied and the samplings were made at 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 DAA and the residues were analyzed by liquid chromatography with diode array detector. Mathematically defined decline curves were established by determining optimal relationship between pesticide residues and time. The proposed MRLs of malathion, chlorpirifos, permethrin, diazinon, dimethoate, spinosad and abamectin in prickly pear cactus are 8.0, 1.0, 3.0, 0.5, 2.0, 0.3 and 0.1 mg kg-1, respectively for each pesticide. The TMDIs or EDIs did not exceed their ADIs. The validation parameters for pesticide residue analysis were between the acceptable reference values and the quantitation limits were lower than the proposed MRLs. The proposed safety intervals for the pesticides in prickly pear cactus fruit are 4, 17, 4, 10, 16, 5 and 2 days, respectively.

Mots clés : Evaluación del riesgo ; Análisis de residuos de plaguicidas ; Curvas de disipación ; Intervalo precosecha ; Doctorado ; Entomología y Acarología ; Risk assessment ; Pesticide residue analysis ; Decline curves ; Preharvest intervals

Présentation

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