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Titre : Mucílago de nopal (Opuntia spp.) sobre propiedades micromorfológicas y estructurales del suelo en trigo

CACTUS MUCILAGE (Opuntia spp.) MICROMORPHOLOGICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN WHEAT

Auteur : García Favela, Braulio.

Université de soutenance : Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS) Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)

Grade : Doctorado 2013

Résumé
Mucilage was used cactus (Opuntia spp.), To evaluate the performance of wheat. Was used and a sandy clay soil. For both soil treatments were : T1 = 0-0 (control) without mucilage, just water, T2 = 10-90, T3 = 20-80 = 30-70 T4, T5 = 40-60, T6 = 50 - 50 = 60-40 T7, T8 and T9 = 70-30 = 80-20. T represents treatment, the first number the amount of mucilage (%) and the second number the amount of water (%), were distributed in a completely randomized design with nine replications. The variables measured were : plant height, leaf number, grain weight, number of seeds or grains, dry matter and amount of water consumed by the crop of wheat throughout your cycle. For clayey soil with the best results were obtained with significant differences with treatment T5 = 40-60 for the variables : water consumption, number of leaves, grain weight, grain number and dry matter. While, for the T7 = 60-40, these were for the consumption of water, plant height and number of leaves, and finally, with the treatment T9 = 80-20 only the best result was obtained with water consumption. Outstanding results in the sandy soil, which showed statistically significant differences were plant height, number of leaves and dry matter for the treatment T8 = 70-30. While treatment T9 = 80-20, these variables were, grain weight, number of grains and water consumption. Another study was to evaluate four doses of cactus mucilage, to observe their effects on soil microstructure. The treatments were : T1 = Control (without mucilage with water only), T2 = 10-90, T3 = T4 = 40-60 and 80-20. There were three samples of soil at 7, 14 and 21 days after application of mucilage. Micromorphologic level was evaluated considering the basic components and simpler units in thin sections. The results for the clay soil indicate microstructural changes in the three sampling times (7, 14 and 21 days) while in the sandy soil was not observed any change. For the latter assay were used the same treatments as in the previous experiment and evaluated : aggregate stability, structural stability, organic carbon, total nitrogen and C / N. Treatments were placed in a controlled environment chamber at a temperature of 25 ° C and 40% relative humidity. Three samplings were performed at 7, 14 and 21 days after application of mucilage. . In clay soil treatment T80-20 showed the highest values in the stability of aggregates, in the sizes> 4.76, 3.36, 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 mm. Similarly observed in T40-60 treatment in the aggregate sizes> 4.76, 1.0 and 0.5 and 0.25 mm. In structural stability properties and total nitrogen content of T80-20 treatment showed the highest values in the three samplings. For sandy soil aggregate stability, treatment T40-60 showed the highest values in aggregates> 4.76, 3.36, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25, followed by treatment T80-20 aggregate size> 4.76, 3.36 , 2.0, 1.0, 0.5. In the properties of structural stability and organic carbon content the best treatment was the T40-60. Regarding the total nitrogen content, the best treatment was T10-90, while for the carbon / nitrogen ratio was T80-20 treatment.

Mots clés : Mucílago. Secciones delgadas. Agregación. Mucilage. Thin sections aggregation. Edafología

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