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Titre : Recursos genéticos de los hongos del maguey (pleurotus sp.) de la región central de México : caracterización y selección de genotipos con potencial para la producción rural

GENETIC RESOURCES OF “MAGUEY MUSHROOMS” (PLEUROTUS SP.) FROM THE CENTRAL REGION OF MEXICO : CHARACTERIZATION AND SELECTION OF GENOTYPES SHOWING POTENTIAL FOR RURAL PRODUCTION

Auteur : Ramírez Carrasco, Angelina Patricia

Université de soutenance : Colegio de Postgraduados (COLPOS) Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)

Grade : Doctorado en Ciencias, Especialista en Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional 2010

Résumé
Mexico has a great biological diversity ; however, native genetic resources have been poorly managed for the commercial production of edible mushrooms. In this research, diverse Pleurotus genotypes growing wild on Agave plants in central highlands of Mexico were collected and characterized. These edible mushrooms, commonly known as “Maguey Mushrooms”, are consumed by local communities during the rainy season. Twenty five strains were isolated, macro and microscopically characterized, and their commercial competitiveness assessed. The highest biological efficiency (EB) and production rate (TP) were recorded in the strain CP-460 (58.04% and 1.0748, respectively), which were equivalent to those from commercial reference strains. Laccases production by the strain CP-460 was 142.86 U/ml, after 96 h of mycelial growth, representing an intermediate value in comparison with reference strains. Molecular analysis of the ITS region from the rDNA showed three main lineages, as well as five phylogenetic groups, for the Pleurotus populations growing wild on Agave plants. Morphological and genetic diversity of those populations indicated a new Pleurotus species adapted to a specific substrate and endemic of Mexican central highlands. Co-cultures between the strains CP-363, CP-460, and CP-517 of Pleurotus sp. and Trichoderma aggressivum var. aggressivum showed the possibility to find natural genetic resistance in Pleurotus species against the aggressive “green mold” attack. “Maguey Mushrooms” can be cultivated by rural peasant communities in Mexico not only for own consumption, but also for generating household income, through suitable strategies of technology transfer

Mots clés : Pleurotus. Hongos de maguey. Trichoderma. Cultivo de hongos comestibles. Desarrollo Rural. Países en desarrollo. Maguey Mushrooms. Edible mushroom cultivation. Rural development. developing countries. EDAR. Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional

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