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sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Design, Implementation and Management of Drip Irrigation System for Young Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Plantation in Khartoum State, Sudan

Auteur : Abdulmoula, Adam Bush Adam

Université de soutenance : University of Khartoum

Grade : Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) 2015

Résumé
An experiment was conducted at Nobles Company’s Farm for Modern Systems, located 25 km south east of Khartoum (longitude 32o 42′ E, latitude 15o 29′ N and altitude 377 m amsl) during two successive years (2011 and 2012), with the objectives of (i) designing a suitable drip irrigation system for one year old date palm trees grown in a sandy loam soil, (ii) determining the optimum water requirements of the young date palm tree and (iii) investigating the response of young date palm of Barhi cultivar to different water regimes (50%, 75% and 100% ETc). The treatments were drip irrigation and conventional basin irrigation systems with different irrigation water regimes (50%, 75% and 100% ETc) as obtained from CROPWAT computer model. The parameters tested were hydraulic characteristics of drip irrigation system, e.g. application efficiency (Ea %), Christiansen coefficient of uniformity (Cu %) and emission uniformity (Eu %). Data were also collected on plant attributes : plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of leaflets per leaf, stem diameter, number of offshoots and length of offshoots. Split plot experimental design with three replications was used in which the two irrigation systems were assigned to the main plots and the different irrigation water regimes to the subplots. A computer program (SAS statistical package) was used to analyze the data. The variations among means were checked by the least significant difference (LSD). The application efficiency (Ea %) was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the type of irrigation system. Drip irrigation system with 50% ETc gave the highest values (90%) of Ea%, while basin irrigation system recorded the lowest values (56%) under 100% ETc. Christiansen’s coefficient of uniformity (Cu %) and emission uniformity (Eu %) were not significantly affected during the two years. The maximum mean values of Cu% and Eu% were 95% and 92% which were obtained under 75% ETc in the first year. The growth parameters were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the different water regimes. The drip irrigation system recorded superior values over the basin irrigation system. The application of 100% ETc resulted in the highest values of plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of leaflets per leaf, stem diameter, number of offshoots and length of offshoots, while under 50% ETc basin irrigation system ranked last. The interaction of the two irrigation systems and different water regimes significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the application efficiency and young date palm growth parameters. The applied water for young date palm tree was 20 m3 / tree / year for drip irrigation system, while it was 39 m3 / tree under conventional basin irrigation system. Drip irrigation system was found to be the best method for irrigating young Barhi cultivar with application of 100% ETc.

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