Informations et ressources scientifiques
sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : Influencia varietal y ambiental en las características agronómicas y de calidad del trigo duro (Triticum turgidum (L.) Thell. ssp. durum Desf.). Implicaciones en la selección de nuevas variedades.

Auteur : Pinheiro, Nuno Manuel Barroso

Université de soutenance : Universidad de Extremadura

Grade : Doctor en Ingenieria Agronomica 2017

Résumé
During two years (2011/12 and 2012/13) at two different sites near Elvas, it was carried out in semi arid conditions, a study concerning the agronomic and technological behavior, of 27 durum wheat advanced lines (F8 and F9) breed and selected during 13 years, in cereal Department at Plant Breeding Station – Elvas – Portugal. In this study the 27 genotypes with three commercial varieties were used as checks the main objective evaluated in order to choose the best genotypes with the objective to be registered in the National Varieties Catalogue (CNV). The climatic irregularity verified during the two years of the study, mainly the rain distribution, during the wheat growth cycle gave us support to decide to apply artificial irrigation in the first year, in order to guarantee a normal growth development of the germplasm. These aspects, which are, also, associated with the existence of differences at soil level in both locations, showed that from an agronomic point of view, the final grain yield varied from year to year (6545 kg/ha and 5332 kg/ha of average values in 2011/12 and 2012/13 respectively). The production is highly correlated with the number of grains / m2 (r = 0.907 **). It was also found, a negative correlation between the number of grains per unit area and the final grain weight (r = -0.562 **). According with the behavior of the studied genotypes, we highlight the lines INIAV16, INIAV20, INIAV21, INIAV26 and INIAV28, as being those that presented good agronomic regularity during the two years of trials. On what concern to quality, the use of suitable cultural pratices shown to be for of great importance due to the annual climatic pattern, specifically the moment and number of nitrogen applications during the growth development of the genotypes. The protein presented higher values in 2011/12 with 13,6% as average value, compared to 11,5% in 2012/13, as a consequence of the higher amount of nitrogen applied in the first year. The vitreousness, parameter of great importance for commercial valorization of this species, showed differences between the two years of trials, with 98% of average in 2011/12, compared to 80% of 2012/13. The three color parameters obtained by Minolta L * a * b * the year were highly correlated with them, with higher values in 2011/12. Yellow index (CPI) was also better in 2011/12. Of the evaluated lines, INIAV11, INIAV14, INIAV16, INIAV19, INIAV20 and INIAV21 stood out from the technological values. Finally two advanced INIAV11 and INIAV20, were selected for inscription in the Portuguese National Catalogue, based on the results obtained and supported by the trials and data presented in this thesis. They are TE1202 and TE 1203.

Mots Clés : Trigo duro ; Mejora genética ; Catálogo Nacional de Variedades (CNV) ; Durum wheat ; Genetic improvement ; National Catalogue of Varieties (CNV) ; Germoplasma ; Genotipo ; Germplasm ; 3103.01 Producción de Cultivos

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