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sur le développement des zones arides et semi-arides

Titre : The socio-economic and institutional dynamics of integrated watershed management : The case of Kanat and Magera micro-watersheds, Amhara National Regional State.

Auteur : Abuto Teketel

Université de soutenance : Addis Ababa University

Grade : Master of Arts in Development Studies 2009

Résumé partiel
A host of socio-economic, institutional, environmental, and cultural factors are responsible for either the success or failure of a particular integrated watershed management (IWSM) program. In spite of the growing interest in the literature on watershed management, there is limited attention given to the socio-economic and institutional dynamics behind the success or failure of IWSM interventions. The aim of this study is, therefore to explore this new frontier of research in IWSM by taking two contrasting micro-watersheds, Kanat and Magera, in the Blue Nile Basin. To this end, such issues as the major stakeholders involved in the watershed intervention and their respective roles ; the differences in institutional arrangements and stakeholders’ participation ; and the root causes of success and failure of the watershed intervention in the study sites were scrutinized. The study involved both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods including, household survey, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, personal observation, and review of some secondary data. A mix of Agrawal’s synthesis of ‘Facilitating conditions’ for effective governance of Common Pool Resources (CPRs) and determinants of a successful watershed management identified by different scholars are used as an analytical framework for this study. The results of the study have shown that there are clear differences between the two IWSM interventions in : level of participation of the beneficiaries in the program ; evolution and strength of local institutions to manage the resource and the appropriation of benefits ; and the level of commitment of the donor and government bodies. Accordingly, a synergy of active roles of the Kebele (stands for the smallest administrative unit in Ethiopian government structure) administration, high commitment and participation of the beneficiaries, strong commitment of a donor agency i.e. GTZ, good leadership and coordinating skill of the watershed management committee, and the active role of government bodies in creating enabling environment were the most important factors that contributed to the success of the watershed intervention in Kanat. On the other hand, weakness of Kebele administration, lack of follow-up by the concerned government bodies, lack of strong local institutions including by-laws, and GTZ’s failure to consult the whole community before the intervention were the most important reasons behind the failure of the IWSM intervention in Magera watershed.

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