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Master
Pays Bas
2009
Modelling pastoral mobility to accommodate pastoral land use in land administration : a case study of the Isiolo area, Kenya
Titre : Modelling pastoral mobility to accommodate pastoral land use in land administration : a case study of the Isiolo area, Kenya.
Auteur : Alosa Mulianga, B (Betty)
Etablissement de soutenance : University of Twente International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC)
Grade : Master of Science in Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (2009)
Résumé
Pastoral land use involves mobility in space and time in search of temporally
variable rangeland resources for herds. Such movements are prohibited across
privately registered cadastral objects, unless by consent from the land owner, leaving
pastoralists marginalized by land rights. This study was undertaken in Isiolo area
Kenya, an area characterized by diversified climatic conditions, land uses and land
tenures. The overall aim of this study was to accommodate pastoral land use in land
administration (LA) through seasonal land rights (SLR). Remote Sensing and GIS
tools were used to investigate relationships between temporal pasture fluxes and
pastoral seasonal migrations. To achieve the research objectives, multitemporal
SPOT NDVI and GIS data were utilized together with field data which was obtained
through semi structured questionnaires and participatory mapping. Unsupervised
classification of SPOT NDVI data using ISODATA clustering algorithm delineated
the land cover into 9 spatial mapping units. Time series analysis on the 9 mapping
units realized spatiotemporal NDVI patterns which revealed the bimodal dry and wet
climatic seasons that characterized the pastoral migration pattern to and from key
dry and wet season grazing areas. GIS animal movement and tracking analyst tools
simulated temporal movements of pastoralists based on the migratory routes whose
ends defined the seasonal grazing areas using start and end dates of the migration. A
GIS multi-criteria decision making method
(MCDM) investigated most suitable
locations for seasonal land sharing (SLS) among the non pastoral land uses where
dry season grazing occurs. Soft systems methodology utilized unified modelling
language (UML) to develop conceptual models which integrated the suitable areas
for SLS and stakeholder behaviour with
the cadastral system. Uniqueness of the
developed models was the temporal aspect introduced through SLR which lacked in
the existing cadastral system. Other driving forces that influenced the migratory
pattern besides demand for herbaceous pastures were deduced from field findings as :
access to water, land rights, proximity to grazing sites, security, diseases, pests and
cost of grazing. Results of the study presented a strong correlation between the
temporal NDVI fluxes in land cover and the spatiotemporal migration of pastoralists.
The most suitable areas for SLS included
specific locations within the farming,
ranching and forestry land uses. The developed conceptual models demonstrated
conditions for successful SLS
between pastoralists and non pastoralists through SLR
in space and time. Comparison of the conceptual models with the real world
concluded that SLR would be achieved by public participation, documentation of the
migratory corridor, sensitization of stakeholders on benefits of SLS, establishment of
regulations to govern SLS and reengineering of land acts. Conclusively, pastoral
seasonal migration was mainly influenced by seasonal variability of pastures and SLR was proposed to accommodate pastoral land use in LA. Implementation of SLR
however requires inclusion of cadastral information in suitability analysis and
instruments to govern the documented migratory corridor.
Mots clés : pastoralists, remote sensing, GIS, spatiotemporal, multi-criteria decision making, soft systems methodology, SPOT NDVI, property rights, seasonal land sharing, seasonal land rights
Page publiée le 3 février 2018